ЧЕРНЫЕ МЕТАЛЛЫ
FERROUS METALS
Ukraine
Production
In January-September 2001, Ukrainian metallurgical
enterprises reported stable augmentation of output figures, even despite worldwide
production of iron, steel and rolled steel featured distinct curtailment. Along with this,
manufacturing output at Ukrainian enterprises was notable for its conspicuous
incrementing.
According to the data with the State Statistics Committee
of Ukraine, in the first nine months of 2001 domestic metallurgical enterprises produced
19,998 thousand tonnes of iron (+4% against the respective period of 2000 when iron output
reached the high of 19,144 thousand tonnes).
In January-September 2001, steel production in Ukraine
totaled 25,397 thousand tonnes (+8%, as compared to 23,414 thousand tonnes produced in
respective period of 2000). In particular, Ukraine produced 12,148 thousand tonnes of
converter steel (+12%), 11,657 thousand tonnes of open-hearth steel (+ 6%), and 896
thousand tonnes of electric steel (-5%).
According to statistical data, during the period under
review Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises also boosted manufacturing output of rolled
steel, which grew by 12% and reached 22,072 thousand tonnes.
Dynamics of iron, steel, and rolled steel production
reported by Ukrainian enterprises is shown in table 1.
Exports
In the first nine months of 2001, Ukraine exported some
23,087 thousand tonnes of metal products worth USD 3,892 million. As compared to
respective period of 2000, physical volumes of Ukrainian exports increased by 6% while
export revenues went up by 6.2%.
Semis (square billets and slabs, for the most part)
contributed 30% (6,952 thousand tonnes) to Ukrainian export of metal products thus
remaining the most popular item in export supplies from Ukraine. To add, Ukrainian exports
of semis incremented by 4.1%.
Semis export was followed by export of HR flat steel, which
accounted for 19% of Ukrainian metal exports and remained the second most popular item
among Ukrainian exporters and metal producers. In January-September 2001, Ukraine exported
some 4,378 thousand tonnes of flat steel, which exceeded the 2000’s figures by 20.5%.
Along with this, export supplies of CR flat steel dropped by 9.1% to 896 thousand tonnes.
Long-length rolled products (rebars and wire rod) also
contributed a lot to Ukrainian metal exports accounting for 12% and 5.8% of export
supplies correspondingly. To compare, Ukrainian export of rebars further incremented by
24.1% to 2,779 thousand tonnes while export volumes of wire rod insignificantly shrank
(-0.7% to 1,332 thousand tonnes).
Taking into account statistical data, special heed should
be given to such raw materials as steel scrap, iron, and ferroalloys, which added 22.2% to
Ukrainian metal exports. Unfavorable situation on global market coincided with curtailment
of steel output reported by most importers of Ukrainian-made raw materials, which
negatively affected Ukrainian exports of such commodities. In such circumstances, Ukraine
abridged its exports of steel scrap by 0.6% (to 3,741 thousand tonnes) and cut its exports
of iron by 50.7% (to 640,000 tonnes). At the same time, ferroalloy exports grew by 21.4%
(to 729,000 tonnes).
Data on Ukrainian exports of metal products in the first
nine months of 2000 and 2001 is shown in table 2.
Geographical pattern
In the first nine months of 2001, regional pattern of
Ukrainian exports altered insignificantly since volumes of Ukrainian-made metal products
purchased by their major importers remained the same or featured quite insignificant
changes (by 0.2-1.5%).
Middle East traditionally held the leadership in imports of
metal products manufactured by Ukraine’s metallurgical enterprises. In the first nine
months of 2001, mentioned region consumed 6,989 thousand tonnes of Ukrainian-made metal
products for the total of USD 970 million. It should be noted that Ukrainian exports to
Middle East increased by 25.5% while export revenues grew by 39.4%.
Augmentation of export supplies to Middle East has been
mainly stipulated by incremented export of steel scrap (+10.7% to 2,234 thousand tonnes),
semis (+15.7% to 1,026 thousand tonnes), and rebars (twofold augmentation to 1,588
thousand tonnes). At the same time, Ukrainian exports of HR flat steel changed
insignificantly, as compared to respective period of 2000 (-1.1% to 1,139 thousand
tonnes).
Southeast Asia became the second largest consumer of
Ukrainian-made metal products. During the period under review, this region imported 6,561
thousand tonnes of metal products worth USD 959 million. As compared to the 2000’s
figures, export supplies to Southeast Asia grew by 10.4% while export revenues went up by
meager 2.4%.
Unlike the situation with Middle East, assortment of metal
products bound for Southeast Asia was notable for its comparative scarcity. For the most
part, Southeast Asia purchased such metal products as semis (56% of the total, 3,671
thousand tonnes), HR flat steel (22%, 1,450 thousand tonnes), steel scrap (10%, 684,000
tonnes), and CR flat steel (6.5%, 425,000 tonnes). Export supplies of HR flat steel and
semis featured distinct augmentation (+30% and +11.7% correspondingly) while export
volumes of steel scrap and CR flat steel saw stable downward tendency (-10% and –9.4%
correspondingly).
CIS countries were notable for further incremented imports
of Ukrainian-made metal products. In the first nine months of 2001, physical volumes of
Ukrainian exports to CIS countries grew by 22% (to 2,107 thousand tonnes) while export
revenues augmented by 15.6% (to USD 536 million). It should be noted that mentioned market
eagerly consumed the whole assortment of metal products manufactured in Ukraine. In
January-September 2001, CIS countries mostly imported the following metal products: steel
scrap (18% of the total, 380,000 tonnes, export supplies increased by 33%), HR flat steel
(14.8%, 312,000 tonnes, +51%), bars (14%, 296,000 tonnes, +16%), and CR flat steel (4.7%,
98,000 tonnes, +6%). On the contrary, Ukrainian exports of rebars insignificantly narrowed
(-2.1% to 260,000 tonnes) although such commodity still contributed a lot to the total
Ukrainian supplies of metal products (12.5%).
African countries also remained a perspective market for
Ukrainian-made metal products. According to statistical data, in the first nine months of
2001 Ukrainian exports to Africa grew by 10.7% (to 1,295 thousand tonnes) while export
revenues went up by 40% (to USD 292 million). To add, African countries imported almost
all types of metal products manufactured in Ukraine.
Data on geographical distribution of Ukrainian exports is
shown in table 3.
Export prices
In the second half of 2001, export prices for
Ukrainian-made metal products suffered from distinct slackening mainly stipulated by
unfavorable situation on global market and aggravated by terrorist acts in the USA
(September 11), economic instability on Asian markets, and difficulties related to
obtaining of import licenses in China.
As compared to the first nine months of 2000, export prices
for Ukrainian-made HR flat steel dropped by 16%. Besides, similar curtailment has also
affected export prices for CR flat steel (-14%), wire rod (-3.7%), iron (-8.7%), steel
scrap (-15.2%), and bars (-3.3%).
Rebars and rolled alloy steel became the only commodities
that featured certain augmentation of export prices (+17.7% and +48.5% correspondingly).
At the same time, prices for Ukrainian-made semis remained almost the same (-0.3%).
Average export prices for Ukrainian metal products in the
first nine months of 2000 and 2001 are shown in table 4.
EU-bound exports
Western Europe turned into one of the largest importers of
Ukrainian semis and raw materials. In January-September 2001, West-European countries
consumed some 840,000 tonnes of Ukrainian-made semis, 257,000 tonnes of steel scrap, and
343,000 tonnes of iron.
Along with this, Ukraine boosted EU-bound supplies of HR
flat steel (from 104,000 tonnes in 2000 to 147,000 tonnes in 2001), and rebars (from
26,000 tonnes to 53,000 tonnes). At the same time, export supplies of wire rod (-32% to
15,000 tonnes) and CR flat steel (-37.6% to 9,000 tonnes) substantially dropped.
For the total, EU market consumed some 1,919 thousand
tonnes of Ukrainian-made metal products worth USD 351.7 million. Physical volumes of
Ukrainian exports stepped up by 17.2% while export revenues rose by 19.6%.
Data on Ukrainian exports of metal products to EU countries
in the first nine months of 2000 and 2001 is shown in table 5.
US-bound exports
Renewed antidumping inquiries initiated by the US
government to protect domestic market from foreign exporters almost fully closed the US
market for Ukrainian exports.
In the first nine months of 2001, the USA imported some
417,000 tonnes of Ukrainian-made metal products worth USD 82.3 million. Physical volumes
of US-bound supplies dropped by 80.4% while export revenues featured the same downward
tendency (-75.1%).
As regards Ukrainian exports to the USA, special heed
should be given to such metal products as wire rod (45% of the total, 188,000 tonnes),
semis (25.6%, 107,000 tonnes), and iron (10.4%, 43,000 tonnes). Along with this, slab
export contributed the most to Ukrainian supplies of semis.
Data on US-bound exports of Ukrainian-made metal products
in the first nine months of 2000 and 2001 is shown in table 6.
Russia-bound exports
Since the beginning of 2001, Russian market was notable for
noteworthy domestic consumption of rolled steel. Economic enlivening featured by Russia’s
construction and machine-building industries stimulated Russia’s demand for rolled
products. In turn, such situation boosted Ukrainian exports of metal products to Russia.
In the first nine months of 2001, Russia consumed some
1,398 thousand tonnes of Ukrainian-made metal products worth USD 425 million. Export
supplies to Russia incremented by 17%, as compared to respective 2000’s figures while
export revenues grew by 13%.
To some extent, the whole assortment of metal products
manufactured by Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises met stable demand on Russia’s
market. During the period under review, Ukrainian exports to Russia embraced such metal
products as HR flat steel (18.9% of the total, 263,000 tonnes), bars (18.7%, 261,000
tonnes), rebars (12.9%, 180,000 tonnes), rolled alloy steel (11.9%, 166,000 tonnes), and
other flat-rolled steel (10.7%, 150,000 tonnes). To add, Ukrainian exports of other
flat-rolled steel mostly consisted of galvanized flat steel.
At the same time, Ukrainian supplies of long-length rolled
products featured certain curtailment. Export supplies of rebars and wire rod shrank by
17.6% (to 180,000 tonnes) and 22.1% (to 16,000 tonnes) correspondingly. On the one hand,
such setback resulted from antidumping investigations initiated against Ukrainian
exporters. On the other hand, narrowing of Ukrainian exports was stipulated by acute
competition between Russian producers and foreign exporters.
Data on Russia-bound exports of Ukrainian-made metal
products in the first nine months of 2000 and 2001 is shown in table 7.
Turkey-bound exports
Turkey ranks among the largest importers of Ukrainian-made
HR flat steel and steel scrap. Mentioned commodities accounted for 16.2% (470,000 tonnes)
and 67.3% (1,953 thousand tonnes) of Ukrainian exports to Turkey. Along with this, export
supplies of HR flat steel lowered by 26% while Ukrainian exports of steel scrap grew by
12.8%.
In the first nine months of 2001, Turkey consumed some
2,902 thousand tonnes of Ukrainian-made metal products for the total of USD 297 million.
Physical volumes of Ukrainian exports dropped by 10.8% while export revenues plunged by
25.4% (against the respective period of 2000).
In general, Turkey is a quite perspective market for
Ukrainian steel scrap while local metallurgical enterprises are notable for further
augmentation of manufacturing output. However, high competition on this market would
impede further attempts of Ukrainian exporters willing to boost their export supplies to
Turkey.
Data on Turkey-bound exports of Ukrainian-made metal
products in the first nine months of 2000 and 2001 is shown in table 8.
China-bound exports
In January-September 2001, Ukrainian exports of metal
products to China decreased by 3.7% to 2,253 thousand tonnes. For the most part, such
curtailment has been stipulated by sufficient domestic production, high competition
between exporters, and difficulties related to obtaining of import licenses.
During the period under review, HR flat steel was the only
commodity that enjoyed certain augmentation of export supplies to China (+21.4% to 480,000
tonnes). Unfortunately, export revenues obtained from Ukrainian supplies of HR flat steel
abridged by 12%. To compare, Ukrainian exports of CR flat steel dropped by 7.9% (to
369,000 tonnes).
Semis (square billets, for the most part) accounted for 60%
of China-bound exports from Ukraine. At the same time, Ukrainian supplies of semis shrank
by 5.1% (to 1,339 thousand tonnes).
In January-September 2001, Ukraine reported no supplies of
rebars and bars to China at all.
Data on China-bound exports of Ukrainian-made metal
products in the first nine months of 2000 and 2001 is shown in table 9.
Imports
Further augmentation in Ukrainian imports of rolled steel
has fully complied with forecasts made previously. During the period under review, Ukraine
imported 520,000 tonnes of metal products (+73.6% against the respective figures of 2000).
Continued incrementing of manufacturing output reported by
domestic tube works stimulated Ukrainian imports of tubular billets. This market niche has
been occupied by metal products manufactured in Russia. In 2001, Russia exported some
157,000 tonnes of tubular billets, compared to 65,000 tonnes supplied in 2000. To add,
tubular billets contributed 30.2% to the total quantity of metal products imported to
Ukraine.
Besides, Ukrainian market enjoyed stable demand for such
�exotic’ metal products as rolled alloy steel and rolled high-alloy steel. Since
Ukraine produces quite insignificant quantities of such commodities, existed demand on
domestic market has been fulfilled at the expense of import supplies. Rolled alloy steel
became the second leading commodity in the pattern of Ukrainian imports (16.9%, 88,000
tonnes) while import supplies of rolled alloy steel grew 2.5 times.
Coated flat steel also contributed a lot to Ukrainian
imports of metal products (16.7%, 87,000 tonnes). There is almost no domestic enterprises
engaged in production of coated flat steel (with the only exception for zinc-coated flat
steel) though this commodity meets stable demand of Ukrainian industries. In such
conditions, import supplies of coated flat steel enjoy stable augmentation.
Export orientation of domestic enterprises resulted in
incremented imports of rebars and wire rod. As compared to the 2000’s figures, Ukrainian
imports of rebars went up two times (from 18,000 tonnes to 53,000 tonnes) while import
supplies of wire rod rose 6.2 times (from 4,000 tonnes to 25,000 tonnes).
Data on Ukrainian imports of metal products in the first
nine months of 2000 and 2001 is shown in table 10.
Table 1. Ukraine’s output of iron, steel and
rolled steel, �000 tonnes
|
Products |
9 months of 2000 |
9 months of 2001 |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Iron |
19,144.0 |
19,998.0 |
+4 |
| Steel |
23,414.0 |
25,397.0 |
+8 |
| Including converter steel |
10,815.0 |
12,148.0 |
+12 |
| Including electric steel |
942.0 |
896.0 |
-5 |
| Including open-hearth steel |
11,657.0 |
12,352.0 |
+6 |
| Rolled steel |
19,911.0 |
22,072.0 |
+11 |
Table 2. Ukrainian exports of metal products, �000 tonnes
|
Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Long-length rolled products |
3,580.0 |
15.5 |
4,111.0 |
17.8 |
+14.8 |
| Flat steel |
4,830.0 |
20.9 |
5,582.0 |
24.2 |
+15.6 |
| Bars |
518.0 |
2.2 |
803.0 |
3.5 |
+55.0 |
| Semis |
6,677.0 |
28.9 |
6,952.0 |
30.1 |
+4.1 |
| Raw materials |
5,663.0 |
24.5 |
5,110.0 |
22.2 |
-9.8 |
| Other metal products |
518.0 |
2.2 |
529.0 |
2.3 |
+2.1 |
| TOTAL |
21,787.0 |
94.4 |
23,087.0 |
100.0 |
+6.0 |
Table 3. Geographical distribution of Ukrainian exports, �000
tonnes
| Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Middle East |
5,570.0 |
25.5 |
6,989.0 |
30.27 |
+25.5 |
| Southeast Asia |
5,943.0 |
27.2 |
6,561.0 |
28.42 |
+10.4 |
| CIS |
1,729.0 |
7.9 |
2,107.0 |
9.13 |
+21.9 |
| Eastern Europe |
2,100.0 |
9.6 |
2,020.0 |
8.75 |
-3.8 |
| EU |
2,100.0 |
9.6 |
2,020.0 |
8.75 |
-3.8 |
| Africa |
1,169.0 |
5.3 |
1,295.0 |
5.61 |
+10.7 |
| Other countries |
3,639.0 |
17.0 |
2,197.0 |
9.51 |
-39.6 |
| TOTAL |
21,787.0 |
100.0 |
23,087.0 |
100.0 |
+6.0 |
Table 4. Average export prices in the first nine months of 2000 and
2001
| Commodity |
Average |
% change, |
|
|
2000 |
2001 |
||
| Rebars |
191.7 |
225.6 |
+17.7 |
| HR flat steel |
192.9 |
162.1 |
-16.0 |
| Wire rod |
181.4 |
174.6 |
-3.7 |
| Steel scrap |
84.1 |
71.3 |
-15.2 |
| Semis |
149.1 |
148.6 |
-0.3 |
| Other flat-rolled steel |
341.0 |
286.9 |
-15.9 |
| Bars |
187.6 |
181.4 |
-3.3 |
| CR flat steel |
254.5 |
218.9 |
-14.0 |
| Iron |
112.5 |
102.7 |
-8.7 |
Table 5. EU-bound exports of metal products from Ukraine, �000
tonnes
| Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Rebars |
26.0 |
1.6 |
53.0 |
2.7 |
+103.8 |
| Wire rod |
23.0 |
1.4 |
15.0 |
0.8 |
-32.2 |
| HR flat steel |
104.0 |
6.4 |
147.0 |
7.7 |
+40.6 |
| CR flat steel |
14.0 |
0.8 |
9.0 |
0.4 |
-37.6 |
| Bars |
30.0 |
1.9 |
16.0 |
0.8 |
-47.9 |
| Semis |
674.0 |
41.2 |
840.0 |
43.8 |
+24.8 |
| Steel scrap |
561.0 |
34.3 |
257.0 |
13.4 |
-54.2 |
| Iron |
86.0 |
5.3 |
343.0 |
17.9 |
+299.0 |
| Other metal products |
119.0 |
7.3 |
239.0 |
12.4 |
+100.8 |
| TOTAL |
1,637.0 |
100.0 |
1,919.0 |
100.0 |
+17.2 |
Table 6. US-bound exports of metal products from Ukraine, �000
tonnes
| Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Rebars |
152.0 |
7.1 |
23.0 |
5.6 |
-84.7 |
| Wire rod |
251.0 |
11.8 |
188.0 |
45.0 |
-25.2 |
| HR flat steel |
206.0 |
9.6 |
28.0 |
6.6 |
-86.6 |
| CR flat steel |
7.0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
-100.0 |
| Semis |
547.0 |
25.7 |
107.0 |
25.6 |
-80.5 |
| Iron |
934.0 |
43.8 |
43.0 |
10.4 |
-95.4 |
| Other metal products |
36.0 |
1.7 |
29.0 |
6.9 |
-19.4 |
| TOTAL |
2,134.0 |
100.0 |
417.0 |
100.0 |
-80.4 |
Table 7. Russia-bound exports of metal products from Ukraine, �000
tonnes
| Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Rebars |
219.0 |
18.3 |
180.0 |
12.9 |
-17.6 |
| Wire rod |
21.0 |
1.8 |
16.0 |
1.2 |
-22.1 |
| HR flat steel |
160.0 |
13.4 |
263.0 |
18.9 |
+65.0 |
| CR flat steel |
82.0 |
6.9 |
87.0 |
6.2 |
+6.2 |
| Bars |
233.0 |
19.5 |
261.0 |
18.7 |
+12.0 |
| Other flat-rolled steel |
109.0 |
9.1 |
150.0 |
10.7 |
+38.1 |
| Other metal products |
371.0 |
31.0 |
439.0 |
31.5 |
+18.3 |
| TOTAL |
1,194.0 |
100.0 |
1,398.0 |
100.0 |
+17.0 |
Table 8. Turkey-bound exports of metal products from Ukraine, �000
tonnes
| Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Rebars |
4.0 |
0.1 |
1.0 |
0 |
-72.7 |
| HR flat steel |
642.0 |
17.3 |
470.0 |
14.2 |
-26.8 |
| CR flat steel |
642.0 |
17.3 |
470.0 |
14.2 |
-26.8 |
| Semis |
356.0 |
9.6 |
180.0 |
5.4 |
-49.6 |
| Steel scrap |
1,731.0 |
46.5 |
1,953.0 |
58.9 |
+12.8 |
| Other metal products |
344.0 |
9.1 |
243.0 |
7.2 |
-29.4 |
| TOTAL |
3,718.0 |
100.0 |
3,316.0 |
100.0 |
-10.8 |
Table 8. China-bound exports of metal products from Ukraine, �000
tonnes
| Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| HR flat steel |
388.0 |
16.6 |
480.0 |
21.3 |
+23.8 |
| CR flat steel |
401.0 |
17.1 |
369.0 |
16.4 |
-7.9 |
| Semis |
1,410.0 |
60.2 |
1,339.0 |
59.4 |
-5.1 |
| Wire rod |
94.0 |
4.0 |
10.0 |
0.5 |
-89.1 |
| Other metal products |
48.0 |
2.0 |
55.0 |
2.4 |
+14.6 |
| TOTAL |
2,340.0 |
100.0 |
2,253.0 |
100.0 |
-3.7 |
Table 10. Ukrainian imports of metal products, �000 tonnes
| Commodity |
9 months of 2000 |
Pattern, % |
9 months of 2001 |
Pattern, % |
% change, 2001 to 2000 |
| Semis |
65.0 |
21.7 |
157.0 |
30.2 |
+141.4 |
| Rolled alloy steel |
27.0 |
9.0 |
88.0 |
16.9 |
+225.4 |
| Other flat-rolled steel |
66.0 |
22.0 |
87.0 |
16.7 |
+31.9 |
| Rebars |
18.0 |
5.9 |
53.0 |
10.2 |
+202.1 |
| Other metal products |
124.0 |
41.4 |
133.0 |
25.9 |
+9.01 |
| TOTAL |
300.0 |
100.0 |
520.0 |
100.0 |
+73.6 |